交流与沟通的优美句子简短 表达要沟通的句子
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交流与沟通的优美句子简短 表达要沟通的句子
在职场上,到处都需要沟通,无论是领导,同事还是下属,要想把自己的想法传达给对方,就需要跟他们沟通,沟通是达成信任,消除误会的最好的方式。
有人说,我天天跟同事说话聊天,不就是在沟通,其实漫无目的的闲聊,那只是八卦,而沟通是需要传达自己的想法,观点的。
卡耐基说:“如果你是对的,就要试着温和地、技巧地让对方同意你;如果你错了,就要迅速而热诚地承认。这要比为自己争辩有效和有趣得多。” 如何让对方同意你,就需要成功的沟通
1 成功的沟通
沟通是指有意或无意的信息交换, 交换的信息可以是想法、指示或情绪。沟通的方式多种多样,一对一沟通,开会,演讲,电子邮件,社交媒体,报告等等。
那如何算是成功的沟通? 成功的沟通包括两个部分。
1)根据沟通对象的需求而制定适当的沟通策略。
根据不同的人有不同的沟通方式,就是俗称的“见人说人话,见鬼说鬼话”, 用对方可以听进去的方式来沟通。
比如说跟领导沟通,最好是一对一的沟通,即使你不同意他的想法,也不要当面驳了他的面子,否则即使你是对的,你也讨不了好。
而跟自己的同事沟通,则要自由开放很多,把自己的想法清晰明了的表达出来,而不是藏着掖着,这样人家感受到你的真诚。
跟客户沟通,则需要揣摩他们的心思,适时的不着痕迹的拍马屁,这样才能把客户陪好了,同时也不过分。
2)从该策略出发,制定沟通管理计划,来确保用各种形式和手段把恰当的信息传递给对方。
有了沟通的策略,制定一个计划,比如定期跟领导沟通,随时跟同事沟通,跟客户也要定期沟通,这样既保持了热度,也不过分的热情。然后把相关的信息传递给对方。
沟通无处不在,但是有效的沟通才是最重要的,只有有效的沟通才能促进我们工作效率, 让上级,同事,客户满意。
在日常的沟通中,有三种传递信息的方式,根据加州大学洛杉矶分校Albert Mehrabian教授的研究,超过55%的信息是通过动作、表情、眼神和肢体来传达的。
从图表,我们可以看到,38%的依靠语气、语调,只有7%的依靠语言、文字、图片。这就表明我们的沟通中,最好的方式还是面对面沟通, 因为在这里,不仅仅有语言,还有动作表情。
当然,职场上面对面沟通还是很占时间,如果不是很重要,也有很多是书面沟通,不同的形式有不同的应对。
2 书面沟通
在我们的平时沟通中,书面沟通是相对正式,包括邮件,报告等, 随着社交媒体的出现, 也出现了很多在即时通讯上的沟通。
书面沟通没有动作,表情,语气,只有语言,这样要实现高效率沟通,就需要多注意。
1) 清晰的框架
在我们工作的沟通中特别是工作的邮件,有一个清晰的框架:
第一,结论先行,在简单打完招呼以后,亮出自己的结论、观点。不要云山雾罩,说了半天,才把结论亮出来,这样有可能已经把邮件直接关闭了。
第二,然后是发现的问题,你支撑的观点,金字塔原理用上,不要太多,3~5点。
第三,最后是总结,需要对方做什么。
这样写下来清晰明了,对方看起来也是清楚明白。
2)书面沟通5C原则
当然了, 我们在写的过程中,需要注意各种东西,包括语法,逻辑等等,也就是要遵守这个书面沟通五原则。
第一,Correct 正确的语法和拼写。语法不当或拼写错误会分散注意力,还有可能扭曲信息含义,降低
可信度。
第二,Concise 简洁的表述和无多余字。简洁且精心组织的信息能降低误解信息意图的可能性。
第三,Clear 清晰的目的和表述(适合读者的需要)。确保在信息中包含能满足受众需求与激发其兴
趣的内容。
第四,Coherent 连贯的思维逻辑。写作思路连贯,以及在整个书面文件中使用诸如“引言”和“小结”
的小标题。
第五,Controlling 受控的语句和想法承接。可能需要使用图表或小结来控制语句和想法的承接。
3) 图表胜过千言万语
在书面沟通的过程中,有些事情,怎么收都不明白,但是有一个图,那真是胜过千言万语。 当年我们在外企的时候,跟印度同事,美国同事沟通,很多时候,大家都说不到一块去,但是只要图一画,所有的沟通点都清楚了。
当然,在我们的社交媒体沟通中,加入了表情,这样就像给我们的沟通加入了表情、语气,就像把我们的一段话给活了。这也是很重要的一个沟通手段。
3 当面沟通
而当面沟通的过程中,可以使用的东西就更多,比如动作、表情、语气、语调,在这个过程中,能够传递更多的信息。
1) 沟通模型
沟通模型可以是最基本的线性(发送方和接收方)沟通过程,也可以是增加了反馈元素(发送方、接收方和反馈)、更具互动性的沟通形式,甚至可以是融合了发送方或接收方的人性因素、试图考虑沟通复杂性的更加复杂的沟通模型。
基本沟通模型中的步骤顺序为:
第一,编码。把信息编码为各种符号,如文本、声音或其他可供传递(发送)的形式。
第二,传递信息。通过沟通渠道发送信息。信息传递可能受各种物理因素的不利影响,如不熟悉的技术,或不完备的基础设施。可能存在噪音和其他因素,导致信息传递和(或)接收过程中的信息损耗。
传递的过程中,受到双方当前情绪、知识、背景、个性、文化和偏见会如何影响信息本身及其传递方式
第三 解码。接收方将收到的数据还原为对自己有用的形式确认已收到。
第四,反馈信息。 根据收到的信息,有两种反馈形式。
一种是确认收到。 收到信息时,接收方需告知对方已收到信息(确认已收到)。这并不一定意味着同意或理解信息的内容,仅表示已收到信息。
另一种是反馈/响应。对收到的信息进行解码并理解之后,接收方把还原出来的思想或观点编码成信息,再传递给最初的发送方。如果发送方认为反馈与原来的信息相符,代表沟通已成功完成。
作为沟通过程的一部分,发送方负责信息的传递,确保信息的清晰性和完整性,并确认信息已被正确理解;接收方负责确保完整地接收信息,正确地理解信息,并需要告知已收到或作出适当的回应。在发送方和接收方所处的环境中,都可能存在会干扰有效沟通的各种噪音和其他障碍。
2) 沟通的方法
在这个沟通过程中,消除噪音干扰非常重要,这里的噪音包括双方当前情绪、知识、背景、个性、文化和偏见,于是创建一个无干扰,无偏见的环境非常重要。
第一,积极倾听。与说话人保持互动,并总结对话内容,以确保有效的信息交换。
这是一个表达的社会,大家都鼓励表达,其实倾听也是非常重要,一来表示自己对对方的尊重,二来只有倾听了,才能知道对方的态度,想法,自己才能走好下一步。
第二,理解文化和个人差异。提升团队对文化及个人差异的认知,以减少误解并提升沟通能力。
对于每一个人都是有差异的,特别是现在有越来越多的跨省,跨国的沟通,尊重每一个人的文化,理解各自的差异,这样在沟通过程中,能够减少噪音。
第三,识别、设定并管理对方期望。
有沟通就有需求,需要识别对方的需求,这样才能对症下药,而不是胡乱猜测,或者只是从自己的角度出发,说了一堆,对方没有接受,其实还是不行。
第四,求同存异,达成共识
在我们的沟通的过程中,需要适当的妥协,放低姿态,而不是为了一个小事情, 争论不休,最重要的求同存异,这样才有机会达成共识。
4 写在最后
现代管理之父德鲁克:“一个人必须知道该说什么, 一个人必须知道什么时候说, 一个人必须知道对谁说, 一个人必须知道怎么说。”
在职场上,我们需要跟领导、同事、下属、客户、供应商进行沟通,在我们沟通过程中,有书面沟通,这里有一个框架, 运用5C原则,传递正确的信息。
有面对面的沟通,在这个过程中,需要注意倾听,消除沟通过程中的噪音,求同存异,达成共识。
独立宣言经典句子(I)
I HAVE A DREAM
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of bad captivity.
But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.
In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."
But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.
The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.
We cannot walk alone.
And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.
We cannot turn back.
There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "for whites only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.
Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.
And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all man are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."
This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.
With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:
My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.
Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,
From every mountainside, let freedom ring!
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.
Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of
Pennsylvania.
Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.
But not only that:
Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.
From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:
Free at last! Free at last!
Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!
一百年前,一位伟大的美国人签署了《解放黑奴宣言》,今天我们就是在他的雕像前集会。这一庄严宣言犹如灯塔的光芒,给千百万在那摧残生命的不义之火中受煎熬的黑奴带来了希望。它之到来犹如欢乐的黎明,结束了束缚黑人的漫长之夜。
然而一百年后的今天,我们必须正视黑人还没有得到自由这一悲惨的事实。一百年后的今天,在种族隔离的镣铐和种族歧视的枷锁下,黑人的生活备受压榨;一百年后的今天,黑人仍生活在物质充裕的海洋中一个穷困的孤岛上;一百年后的今天,黑人仍然萎缩在美国社会的角落里,并且,意识到自己是故土家园中的流亡者。今天我们在这里集会,就是要把这种骇人听闻的情况公之于众。
就某种意义而言,今天我们是为了要求兑现诺言而汇集到我们国家的首都来的。我们共和国的缔造者草拟宪法和独立宣言时,曾以气壮山河的词句向每一个美国人许下了诺言,他们承诺给予所有的人以不可剥夺的生存、自由和追求幸福的权利。
就有色公民而论,美国显然没有实践她的诺言。美国没有履行这项神圣的义务,只是给黑人开了一张空头支票,支票上盖上"资金不足"的戳子后便退了回来。但是我们不相信正义的银行已经破产,我们不相信,在这个国家巨大的机会之库里已没有足够的储备。因此今天我们要求将支票兑现这张支票--将给予我们宝贵的自由和正义的保障。
我们来到这个圣地也是为了提醒美国,现在是非常急迫的时刻。现在决非侈谈冷静下来或服用渐进主义的镇静剂的时候。现在是实现民主的诺言的时候。现在是从种族隔离的荒凉阴暗的深谷攀登种族平等的光明大道的时候,现在是向上帝所有的儿女开放机会之门的时候。
如果美国忽视时间的迫切性和低估黑人的决心,那么,这对美国来说,将是致命伤。自由和平等的爽朗秋天如不到来,黑人义愤填膺的酷暑就不会过去。1963年并不意味着斗争的结束,而是开始。有人希望,黑人只要撒撒气就会满足;如果国家安之若素,毫无反应,这些人必会大失所望的。黑人得不到公民的权利,美国就不可能有安宁或平静;正义的光明的一天不到来,叛乱的旋风就将继续动摇这个国家的基础。
但是对于等候在正义之宫门口的心急如焚的人们,有些话我是必须说的。在争取合法地位的过程中,我们不要采取错误的做法。我们不要为了满足对自由的渴望而抱着敌对和仇恨之杯痛饮。我们斗争时必须求远举止得体,纪律严明。我们不能容许我们的具有崭新内容的抗议蜕变为暴力行动。我们要不断地升华到以精神力量对付物质力量的崇高境界中去。
现在黑人社会充满着了不起的新的战斗精神,但是我们却不能因此而不信任所有的白人。因为我们的许多白人兄弟已经认识到,他们的命运与我们的命运是紧密相连的,他们今天参加游行集会就是明证;他们的自由与我们的自由是息息相关的。我们不能单独行动。
当我们行动时,我们必须保证向前进。我们不能倒退。现在有人问热心民权运动的人,"你们什么时候才能满足?"
只要黑人仍然遭受警察难以形容的野蛮迫害,我们就绝不会满足。
只要我们在外奔波而疲乏的身躯不能在公路旁的汽车旅馆和城里的旅馆找到住宿之所,我们就绝不会满足。
只要黑人的基本活动范围只是从少数民族聚居的小贫民区转移到大贫民区,我们就绝不会满足。
只要密西西比仍然有一个黑人不能参加选举,只要纽约有一个黑人认为他投票无济于事,我们就绝不会满足。
不!我们现在并不满足,我们将来也不满足,除非正义和公正犹如江海之波涛,汹涌澎湃,滚滚而来。
我并非没有注意到,参加今天集会的人中,有些受尽苦难和折磨;有些刚刚走出窄小的牢房,有些由于寻求自由,曾在居住地惨遭疯狂迫害的打击,并在警察暴行的旋风中摇摇欲坠。你们是人为痛苦的长期受难者。坚持下去吧,要坚决相信,忍受不应得的痛苦是一种赎罪。
让我们回到密西西比去,回到阿拉巴马去,回到南卡罗来纳去,回到佐治亚去,回到路易斯安那去,回到我们北方城市中的贫民区和少数民族居住区去,要心中有数,这种状况是能够也必将改变的。我们不要陷入绝望而不克自拔。
朋友们,今天我对你们说,在现在和未来,我们虽然遭受种种困难和挫折,我仍然有一个梦想。这个梦想是深深扎根于美国的梦想中的。
我梦想有一天,这个国家会站立起来,真正实现其信条的真谛:"我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的--人人生而平等。"
我梦想有一天,在佐治亚的红山上,昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起,共叙兄弟情谊。
我梦想有一天,甚至连密西西比州这个正义匿迹,压迫成风的地方,也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。
我梦想有一天,我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色,而是以他们的品格优劣来评价他们的国度里生活。
我今天有一个梦想。
我梦想有一天,亚拉巴马州能够有所转变,尽管该州州长现在仍然满口异议,反对联邦法令,但有朝一日,那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉,携手并进。
我今天有一个梦想。
我梦想有一天,幽谷上升,高山下降,坎坷曲折之路成坦途,圣光披露,满照人间。
这就是我们的希望。我怀着这种信念回到南方。有了这个信念,我们将能从绝望之嶙劈出一块希望之石。有了这个信念,我们将能把这个国家刺耳争吵的声,改变成为一支洋溢手足之情的优美交响曲。
有了这个信念,我们将能一起工作,一起祈祷,一起斗争,一起坐牢,一起维护自由;因为我们知道,终有一天,我们是会自由的。
在自由到来的那一天,上帝的所有儿女们将以新的含义高唱这支歌:"我的祖国,美丽的自由之乡,我为您歌唱。您是父辈逝去的地方,您是最初移民的骄傲,让自由之声响彻每个山冈。"
如果美国要成为一个伟大的国家,这个梦想必须实现。让自由之声从新罕布什尔州的巍峨峰巅响起来!让自由之声从纽约州的崇山峻岭响起来!让自由之声从宾夕法尼亚州阿勒格尼山的顶峰响起来!
选自《马丁·路德·金 传》
一般将来时句子(人教版八年级英语上册第7单元重点语法)
人教版八年级英语上册
Unit7 Will people have robots?
重点语法
一般将来时
◆一般 将来时基本概念
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称。除英国外的说英语的国家,在陈述句中,即使在第一人称一般也用will,在英国也有这种趋势。在口语中,常用shall,will的缩写形式为'Il,如: Ill, youl等。Shall not的缩写式为: shan't, will not的缩写式为: won't.
肯定句: I/We shall/will go.You/He/She/They Will go.
否定句: l/We shall/will not go.You/He/She/They Will not go.
疑问句: Shall l/we go?Will you/he/she/they go?
◆一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用, 如: tomorrow (明天),next week (' 下周),from now on (从现在开始) ; inthe future (将来)等。其时间状语有如下几种:
1) this引导的短语如this year
2)tomorrow及其相关短语如
tomorrow morning
3) next引导的短语如next month
4)from now on;
in the future;
in an hour等。
◆一般将 来时五种用法
(1) Will/Shall+动词原形表示将要发生的动作或情况。
a.I will (shall)arrive tomorrow.
我明天到。
b. Will you be free tonight?
你今晚有空吗?
C. We won't(shan't) be busy this evening.
我们今晚不忙。
①在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如:
a.Will she come她(会)来吗?
b.We'll only stay for two weeks.
我们只待两星期。
C. The meeting won't last long.
会开不了多久。
②在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见或是询问一个情况:
a.Where shall we meet?我们在哪儿碰头?
b.Shall we have any classes tomorrow?
明天我们有课吗?
在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是在美国。例如:
How will I get there?我怎么去?
(2) be going to+动词原形
①表示打算、准备做的事。例如:
a. We are going to put up a building here.
我们打算在这里盖一座楼。
b.How are you going to spend your holidays?
假期你准备怎样过?
②表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如:
a. I think it is going to snow.我看要下雪了。
b.There's going to be a lot of trouble about this.
这事肯定会有很多麻烦。
③"will"句型与"be going to" 句型区别。前者表示纯粹将来,后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情,更强调主语的主观意愿。例如:
a. Tomorrow will be Saturday.明天是周六了。
b. We are going to visit Paris this summer.
今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。
(3)用现在进行时表示。
表示位置转移的动词(如: go,come,leave, start, come, go, arrive, reach 等),可用现在进行时态表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。如:
a.Uncle Wang is coming.王叔叔就要来了。
b.They're leaving for Bejing.他们即将前往北京。
C. I'm leaving for Beijing.我要去北京。
(4)用一般现在时表示。
①某些词,如come, go, leave,arrive,start, get, stay, live, fly等的一般现在时也可表示根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动
a. The new term starts (begins) onAugust 29th.
新学期八月二十九日开学。
b. He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车
c.The train leaves at 12:00.火车12点开出。
②当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。如:
a.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will goout for a picnic.
如果明天不下雨,我们将出去野餐。
b.Turn off the lights before you leave.
走前关灯。
c.I'll write to her when | have time.
我有空会给她写信。
(5) "be to+动词原形”和"be about to+动词原形”表示将来。
①"be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如:
a. Are we to go on with this work?
我们继续干吗?
b.The boy is to go to school tomorrow.
这个男孩明天要去,上学。
c.He is to visit Japan next year.
明年他将访问日本。
②"be about to+动词原形"表示即将发生的动作,意为:很快,马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。
a.We are about to leave.我们马上就走。
b. I am about to get up, mum.
妈妈,我马上就起床。
Othere be句型中一般将来时的用法
There will be...
There is/are going to be...
a.There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon.今天下午将有一场篮球。
b.There will be a party in his house.
他家有要举行一个聚会。
(6)与条件状语从句和时间状语从句搭配使用时,从句用一般现在时表示,主句用一般 将来时。
If it is fine tomorrow, we'll go swimming.
When he comes back, I'll tell him to call you back.
(7)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,陈述句只能用will或情态动词加动词原形:
Work hard, and you will pass the exam.
Work hard, or you will fail your exam.
[典型例题]
1. l think there_ bemore buildings in two years.
A.don't; will
B. /; won't
C. will; don't
D. won't; /
[答案] A
考点:考查一般将来时。
2.There ( )a food festival next Wednesday.
A.has
B.is going to have
C. have
D.is going to be
[答案] D[解析]
试题分析:句意:下周三将有一个食品节。此题考查therebe句型的将来时;根据句意,故选D。
考点:考查一般将来时。
一般将来时句子(初中英语语法精品资料第十三讲)
初中英语之语法回顾 一般将来时知识点总结整理
编辑及整理 头条号(育才双师课堂)
各位同学,希望今天分享的这份资料《初中英语语法精品资料系列》能够帮助大家夯实语法,夺取高分,更多精品课程请关注头条号:育才双师课堂,初中物理,英语精品课程。
初中英语语法精品资料第十二讲,动词时态一般现在时精讲
一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
一、一般将来时的构成:
1. 由助动词“ shall/ will +动词原形”构成, shall 用于第一人称,will 用于第二、第三 人称,而美式英语在陈述句中无论什么人称,一律用 will 。
2. 一般将来时的否定和疑问形式:
一般将来时的否定形式是 will not ,缩写为 won't; shall not ,缩写为 shan't 。 一般将来时的疑问形式是把 will/ shall 提到主语前。如:
He won’t go to the park this Sunday. 本周日他不去公园。
Will you go swimming with me和我一起去游泳好吗?
二 . 一般将来时的基本用法:
1. 表示“纯粹的将来”:
①表示将要发生的动作或情况,常带有表示将来的时间状语,如 tomorrow, next week, in two days, from now on 等。如:
It will be fine tomorrow. 明天天气晴朗。
②表示预料将要发生的动作或情况。如:
You will feel better after having this medicine.
吃了这药,你就会感觉好些的。
③ 表示由于习惯倾向而会经常发生的动作,本用法中的 will 要重读。如:
Boys will be boys. 〔谚语〕男孩毕竟是男孩。
2. 表示“带有情态意义的将来”,用来表示意图,用 will 来表示。如:
I will be more careful next time. 下次我要更加小心。
I won't go shopping this afternoon, but she will.
今天下午我不想去购物,但她想去。
注意:will 在疑问句中,用来表示有礼貌地征询对方的意见。如:
Will you have some more tea要不要再喝点茶?
What shall we do this weekend本周末我们要干什么?
三 . 一般将来时的其它几种表示法:
1. 用 be going to 表示:
①be going to 相当于一个助动词,与其后的动词原形一起构成句子的谓语,表示近期将要发 生的动作或存在的状态。如:
I'm going to see a film this afternoon. 今天下午我想去看电影。
②“ be going to +动词原形”表示主观上打算在将来某个时间要做某事。如:
Her mother is going to buy her a new bike.
她妈妈要给她买辆新自行车。
③ “ be going to +动词原形”还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为将要发生的事。如:
It's going to rain. 快要下雨了。
2. 用一般现在时表示将来意义
① 句中的动词是一般现在时,但所表示的意义却是一般将来时。如:
Are you free tomorrow= Are you going to be free tomorrow?
你明天有空吗?
② 在时间 / 条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句习惯上用一般现在时表示将来 的意义。如:
Please tell him to go when he comes. 他来时,就让他去。
3. be going to 与 will 的区别
be going to 与 will 两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事,但它们有如下几点区别:
① be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些,如:
He is going to write a letter tonight.
He will write a book one day.
② be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die.
He will be twenty years old.
③ be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思,如:
She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
4. 在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to, 而多用 will,如:
If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you
四、will 和 be going to 的选用原则
1. 关于“打算” :
①原先做好的打算用“be going to”。
——Kate is in hospital.
—— Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.
②说话时即时的打算用“will”。
——Kate is in hospital.”
——Oh, really, I didn’t know. I will go and see her at once.”
2. 关于“预料”
①在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“be going to”
Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 你看天上的云。快下雨了。
My God! We are going to crash. 天哪!我们快撞车了。
②在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will,be going to”皆可。
I think the weather will be nice. =I think the weather is going to be nice. 我想天会晴朗。
Do you think the car will start=Do you think the car is going to start你想车能发动起来吗?
③ 当动词表示内心活动时,表示猜测的句子必须用“will”
I think she will like the cake I made for her.
我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。
3. "be going to"中的 be 是助动词,它有 am, is, are 三种形式,没有什么实际意义;to 是动词不定式的标志词,标志词后动词用原形。它们三个总是形影不离,在句中共同表达"计划、打算、准备去做……"的意思。如:
I am going to sell this old car, and buy a new one.
我打算卖掉这辆旧车,然后买辆新车。
五、用法篇
1. "be going to"必须与表示将来的时间信息词如 this afternoon, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow 以及 next 系列时间短语等连用。它可表示:
① 事先经过考虑、安排近期要做的事情。如:
They are going to the park this weekend. 他们打算这周末去公园。
②根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。如:
What bad weather! It is going to snow tomorrow.
多糟的天气!看来明天要下雪。
2. 注意:
①"be going to"的肯定式是"主语 + be going to + do(动词原形) + ..."。上面的例句中就有肯 定句,再仔细看看吧!
2. "be going to"的否定式是在助动词be后加not,即:主语 + be + not + going to + do +... 如:
Peter is not going to make a model ship.
彼得不打算做一个轮船模型。
3. "be going to"的疑问式是把助动词 be 移到句首,即:Be+主语+going to do+...?这和 be作联系动词时的用法相似。如:
Are you going to mend his chair soon?
——Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
一般将来时强化巩固习题
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching B. watches
C. is watching D. is going to watch
( ) 2. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be B. will be
C. shall going to be D. will going to be
( ) 3. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
A. are having B. are going to have
C. will having D. is going to have
( ) 4. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
A. Will; are B. Will; be
C. Do; be D. Are; be
( ) 5. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.
A. will B. is
C. will be D. be
( ) 6. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
( ) 7. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?
A. will; go B. do; go
C. will; going D. shall; go
( ) 8. We ________ the work this way next time.
A. do B. will do
C. going to do D. will doing
( ) 9. Tomorrow he _____ a kite in the open air first, and then ____boating in the park.
A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes
C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go
( )10. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon?
–________ (好的).
A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will.
C. No, please. D. No, you won’t.
( )11. It ________ the year of the horse next year.
A. is going to be B. is going to
C. will be D. will is
( ) 12.________ open the window?
A. Will you please B. Please will you
C. You please D. Do you
( )13. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we?
– OK. I ________.
A. will coming B. be going to come
C. come D. am coming
( ) 14. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.
A. takes B. will take
C. spends D. will spend
( )15. The train ________ at 11.
A. going to arrive B. will be arrive
C. is going to D. is arriving
二、动词填空。
1. I am afraid there ______(be)a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you.
2. Mike ______(believe, not)this until he ____(see)it with his own eyes.
3. Most of us don’t think their team _____(win).
三、句型转换。
1. China is a modern and strong country.(in twenty years)
2. Do you study hard?(from now on)
3. She didn’t speak English at the meeting.(before long)
参考答案
一、单项选择。
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B 5.C
6. B 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. A
11. A 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. D
二、动词填空。
1. will be
2. won’t believe ; sees
3. will win
三、句型转换。
1. China will be a modern and strong country in twenty years.
2. Will you study hard from now on?
3. She won’t speak English at the meeting before long.
一般将来时句子(英语时态难点2)
学习要点:句型掌握好了,口语和写作就像是套公式,可快速提高口语流畅度和写作水平。
现把中高考,四六级乃至雅思托福中常考察的10个包含一般过去时的句式总结如下:
英语中常见的时态一般过去时,单独使用的话比较简单,因为我们在前文中讲过,动词有过去式(did),可以直接表过去,而且表过去的时间状语也很容易判断,如yesterday(昨天), last month(上个月), last year(去年)等。
但是,一般过去时很多时候要和其他时态混在同一个句子中使用,很多学习者容易用错,10个句型如图所示:
思维导图详解
1 It
It is/has been 10 years since he moved here.
自从他搬到这里到现在为止已经10年了。
since引导的从句必须用一般过去,主句可以用现在完成has been,
原因可参见下期文章中现在完成时必背句式。
2 倒 (两个部分倒装(谓语的一部分也就是助动词放到主语之前)的句型)
when和than后的从句中用一般过去,主句必须为过去完成had done,
Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
我一到家天就开始下雨。
虽然到家的时间点和开始下雨的时间点非常接近,但是严格来说,主句动作到家发生在从句动作下雨之前(过去的过去),所以用had done。
3 when(when作并列连词的三个句型)
when引导的从句用一般过去,主句时态为:was doing(过去进行时),was about to do(过去将来时),had just done(过去完成时)
例句:
①I was reading a novel when the teacher came in.
我正在看小说(正幻想修仙呢)这时(突然)老师进来了。
②I was about to read a novel when the teacher came in.
我正要去看小说(刚从桌洞里掏出来)这时(突然)老师进来了。
③I had just read a novel when the teacher came in.
我刚刚看完一本小说(刚收起来好幸运)这时(突然)老师进来了。
注意:when在这里是一个并列连词,意为就在这时或这时突然。
4 虚拟 (虚拟语气是英语中最难的语法,现在先背几个句式,后文会有详细讲解)
①I would appreciate it if you could help me.
如果你能帮我,我将不胜感激。(虚拟条件句,表委婉请求)
=I will appreciate it if you can help me.(真实条件句,语气不够委婉)
②Would you mind if I smoked here?(虚拟条件句,表委婉请求)
如果我在这抽烟你会介意吗?
=Would you mind my/me smoking here?
③It is time that we had a rest.
到我们休息的时间了。
=It is time that we should have a rest.
④I would rather you came tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来。
注意:I would rather come tomorrow than come tonight.
我宁愿明天来而不愿今晚来。
关于时态的基础知识:可参考前面的两篇文章:
《9种英语常见时态=3种时间 X 3种状态》
《英语时态难点1:一般将来时的6种表达方式(6=1+2+3)》
更多英语学习相关原创文章请关注我的头条号:英语语法实验室。帮你构建最简单,最易懂,最好记,最全面,最条理的英语语法体系。
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