英语作文范文10篇带翻译50单词 英语作文万能句50字
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英语作文范文10篇带翻译50单词 英语作文万能句50字
I. 用于文章主题句
1. 不用说¸…
It goes without saying that子句
= (It is) needless to say (that)子句
= It is obvious that子句
= Obviously, S. + V.
例┱不用说早睡早起是值得的。
It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
2. …是不可能的; 无法…
There is no Ving
= There is no way of Ving.
= There is no possibility of Ving.
= It is impossible to V.
= It is out of the question to V.
= No one can V.
= We cannot V.
例┱不可否认的¸成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。
There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.
3. 我深信…
I am greatly convinced (that)子句
= I am greatly assured (that)子句
例┱我深信预防是于治疗。
I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.
4. 在各种…之中¸…
Among various kinds of …, …
= Of all the …, …
例┱在各种运动中¸我尤其喜欢慢跑。
Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.
5. …是很容易证明的。
It can be easily proved (that)子句
例┱时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。
It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.
6. …无论如何强调都不为过
… cannot be overemphasized
例┱交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。
The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.
7. 就我的看法¸…;我认为…
In my opinion, …
= To my mind, ….
= As far as I am concerned, …
= I am of the opinion that子句
例┱就我的看法¸打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。
In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.
8. (A) 每个人都知道…
Everyone knows (that)子句
(B) 就我所知¸…
As far as my knowledge is concerned, …
例┱就我所知¸下列方法对我帮助很大。
As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.
9. 毫无疑问地¸…
There is no doubt (that)子句
例┱毫无疑问地¸近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。
There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.
10. 根据我个人经验¸…
According to my personal experience, …
= Based on my personal experience, …
例┱根据我个人经验¸微笑已带给我许多好处。
According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.
11. 在我认识的人当中¸也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。
Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than …
例┱在我认识的人当中¸也许没有一个人比我的英文老师张老师更值得我尊敬。
Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.
12. 在我的求学过程中¸我忘不了…
In the course of my schooling. I will never forget …
例┱在我的求学过程中¸我忘不了学习英文所遭到的大困难。
In the course of my schooling. I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered in learning English.
13. (A) 随着人口的增加¸… With the increase/growth of the population, …
(B) 随着科技的进步, … With the advance of science and technology, …
例┱随着台湾经济的快速发展¸许多社会问题产生了。
With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.
14. (A) 在这信息的年代¸…扮演重要的角色。
In the age of information and communication, … plays an important role.
(B) 在今日工业社会中¸…是生命不可或缺的。
In today's industrial society, … is indispensable to life.
例┱在这信息的年代¸计算机扮演非常重要的角色。
In this age of information and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role.
15. 在讨论…¸一个人不得不承认…。
In dealing with …, one cannot but admit (that)子句
例┱在讨论未来的职业¸一个人不得不承认尽早决定未来的职业很重要。
In dealing with one's future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide one's future career as early as possible.
16. 世上没有什么比…更令我高兴。
Nothing in the world can delight me so much as …
例┱世上没有什么比到快餐店吃汉堡更令我高兴。
Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.
17. … 是必要的 It is necessary that S (should) V
… 是重要的 It is important/essential that S (should) V
… 是适当的 It is proper that S (should) V
… 是紧急的 It is urgent that S (should) V
例┱我们当保持公共场所清洁是应当的。
It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.
18. 每当我听到…¸我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.
每当我做…¸ 我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.
每当我想到…¸我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.
每当我遭遇…¸我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.
每当我看到… 我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.
例┱每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪¸我就忍不住感到悲伤。
Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.
= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.
19. 据说… It is said (that)子句
一般认为… It is thought (that)子句
大家都知道… It is known (that)子句
据报导… It is reported (that)子句
一般预料… It is expected (that)子句
一般估计… It is estimated (that)子句
一般相信… It is believed (that)子句
例┱一般相信阅读增加我们的知识、扩大我们的心胸。
It is believed (that) reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.
20. …的主要理由是…
The main reason why ….. is (that)子句
例┱青少年犯罪的主要理由是社会环境日一败坏。
The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.
21. 俗语说得好:「…」。
Well goes an old saying, "…"
= As an old saying goes(runs, says), "…"
= An old saying goes, "…"
= It's an old saying (that)子句
例┱俗话说得好:「诚实为上策」。
As an old saying goes, "Honesty is the best policy."
22. (A) …用下列方法… … in the following ways.
(B) …有三个主要理由。 … for three major reasons.
(C) 要…¸至少我们可做三件事。 To …, there are at least three things we can do.
例┱(A) 我用下列方法增加信心。
I increase my confidence in the following ways.
(B) 人们学外语有三个理由。
People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.
(C) 为了维护健康¸我们每天至少可做三件事。
To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.
II. 用于文章承转句
23. 那就是(说)…;亦即…
That is to say, …
= That is, …
= Namely, …
例┱我们生活需有规律。也就是说¸早睡早起¸戒除烟酒。
We need to live a regular life. That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.
24. (A) 基于这个理由¸… For this reason, …
(B) 为了这个目的¸… For this purpose, …
例┱基于这个理由¸我已决定把行医作为未来的职业。
For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.
25. 我们有理由相信…
We have reasons to believe (that)子句
例┱我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。
We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.
26. 事实上¸…
As a matter of fact, …
= In fact, …
例┱事实上¸健康才是最重要。
As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.
27. (A) 例如¸… For example, …
(B) 拿…做例子 Take … for example.
例┱例如¸我们盲目地提高生活水准¸却降低生活品质。
For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.
28. 此外¸我们不应忽视…
Besides (In addition), we should not neglect …
例┱此外¸我们不应忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会。
In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.
29. 相反地¸…
on the contrary, …
= by contrast, …
例┱相反地¸少数学生似乎还在鬼混。
On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.
30. 另一方面¸…
on the other hand, …
例┱政府应严格执法¸另一方面¸大众也应该培养减少污染的好习惯。
The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.
31. 然而¸很可惜的是…
However, it is a pity that子句
例┱然而¸很可惜的是他总是临时抱佛脚。
However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.
32. 换言之¸…
in other words, …
= to put it differently
例┱换言之¸我会尽最大的努力达成我的目标。
In other words, I will try my best to attain (gain, live up to) my goal.
33. 别人可能认为这是事实¸但我不是。我认为…
It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't. I believe that子句
例┱别人可能认为这是事实¸但我不是。我认为…
It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't. I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.
34. 从此之后¸我已发现…
Ever since then, I have found that子句
例┱从此之后¸我已发现…
Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.
35. 这样说来¸假如...¸当然毫无疑问地…。
In this light, if…, there can surely be no doubt (that) 子句
例┱这样说来¸假如我们能善用时间¸当然毫无疑问地我们会成功。
In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.
36. 更严重的是¸…。
What is more serious is (that)子句
例┱更严重的是¸我们不珍惜野生动物。
What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.
37. 鉴于社会的实际需要¸…。
In view of the practical need of society, ….
例┱鉴于社会的实际需要¸愈来愈多人对学英语有兴趣。
In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.
III. 用于文章结论句
38. 如果能实践这三点¸…。
If one can really put the three points into action (practice), …
例┱如果能实践这三点¸…。
If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.
39. 做这些简单之事¸我们一定可以…。
By doing these simple things, we surely can ….
例┱做这些简单之事¸我们一定可以快乐出门平安回家。
By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.
40. 如此¸我相信…。
In this way, I believe (that)子句
例┱如此¸我相信大家能够像我一样¸享受乘坐公车的乐趣。
In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.
41. 实践这些¸…。
By putting them (the above) into practice, ….
例┱实践这些¸在智育方面我一直能不断进步。
By putting them(the above) into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.
42. (A) 唯有符合此三项要求¸我们才能…。
Only by living up to the three requirements, can we ….
(B) 唯有通力合作¸我们才能…。
Only with combined efforts, can we ….
例┱唯有通力合作¸我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌。
Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.
43. 最后¸但并非最不重要¸…。
Last but no least, ….
例┱最后¸但并非最不重要¸教育上的缺失是助长青少年犯罪的原因。
Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.
44. 这证据显示~的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。
This evidence shows that the importance of ~ cannot be overemphasized.
例┱这证据显示交通安全的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。
This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.
45. 由于这些理由¸我…。
For these reasons, I ….
例┱由于这些理由¸我认为在台湾接受大学教育是明智的。
For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.
46. 总而言之¸…。
In conclusion, …
= To sum up, …
例┱总而言之¸好国民应该遵守交通规则。
In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.
47. 因此¸我们能下个结论¸那就是…。
We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (that)子句
例┱因此¸我们能下个结论¸那就是世上自由罪珍贵。
We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.
48. 如果我们能做到如上所述¸毫无疑问地¸…。
If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt (that)子句
例┱如果我们能做到如上所述¸毫无疑问地¸我们就能精通英语。
If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English
49. 因此¸这就是…的原因。
Thus, this is the reason why ….
例┱因此¸这就是我重感冒的原因。
Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.
50. 所以¸我们应该了解…。
Therefore, we should realize (that)子句
例┱所以¸我们应该了解学英文不能没有字典。
Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.
51. 因此¸由上列的讨论我们可以明了…。
We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion (that)子句
例┱因此¸由上列的讨论我们可以明了毅力可以克服任何困难。
We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.
52. 1. 从~观点来看¸…。 From the ~ point of view, ….
2. 根据~的看法¸…。 According to ~ point of view, ….
例┱从政治的观点来看¸这是一个很复杂的问题。
From the political point
英语写作中的修辞讲解_3000字
修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段,而且运用得好,会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。因此,掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。
对于英语写作来说,主要应该掌握以下修辞手段,又称语句辞格,包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格,转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。
1.对比正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思,因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况,就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句,实现语句的亮点。
1)如“很多人很快就会发现,他们在物质上是富裕了,精神上却很贫乏”,可以这样达:
Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods,but ragged in spirit.(注:句中rich in与ragged in,goods与spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果。)
2)如“利远远大于弊”,可以这样表达:
The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注:句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。)
3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理,但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”,可以这样表达:
They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements,but have ignored a more important fact.(注:句中have noticed与have ignored,a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。)
4)如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”,可以这样表达:
It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.(注:句中negative与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果)
5)如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友,又有与我们很为不同的朋友”,可以这样表达:
We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.(注:句中similar to与different from具有正反对比的关系和效果)
2.排比英文中有时也使用排比句式,这种句式整齐而有气势,又不会使人感到单调。例如,如“读书使我们聪明,锻炼使我们强健”,可以这样表达:
Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong.
3.重复英文一般讲求简洁,因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。
1)如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”,可以这样表达:
Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.(注:此句为句首重复,重复部分为句首的now it the time to)
2)如“我们渴望成功,而且正在为成功而努力工作”,可以这样表达:
We long for success and we are working hard for success.(注:此句为句尾重复,重复的部分为句尾的for success.)
3)如“我相信我们能够成功,我相信我们也一定会成功”,可以这样表达:
I am convinced that we can succeed,and Iam convinced that we must succeed.(注:and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复,重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed)
4)如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代,而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”,可以这样表达:
We are now living in a new era,and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.(注:and之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复,重复部分为a new era.)
4.倒装这里说的倒装不同于前述非修辞性的语法结构倒装。非修辞性的语法结构倒装是语句的语法结构所限定的,没有自由选择的余地,只要运用需要倒装结构的句型就要采用倒装结构。这里所说的倒装是指修辞性语义结构倒装,是进行强调的一种手段,它利用了语句句首(或句尾)的特殊位置。例如,如“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”,可以这样表达:
Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances. 5.转义转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段,主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等,比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。
1)如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”,英文可为:
What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.(注:此句采用明喻,明喻的特点是使用了like一词)
2)如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”,英文可为:
Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.(注:此句采用暗喻,暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻,与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词)
3)如要表达“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”,英文可为:
I am reading Shakespeare.(注:此句采用换喻,换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋代替另一事物的名称,使用通过联想理解其含义,但不是所有的事物都是可以用换喻来表达的)
4)如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”,英文可为:
A hand is needed here.(注:此句采用提喻,提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人)
5)如要表达“巨大的不幸笼罩着整个城市”,英文可为:
A great misfortune crept over the whole city.(注:此句采用拟人。拟人的特点是将事物人格化)
6)如要表达“这种想法可真是伟大的愚蠢”,英文可为:
This is really a great stupid idea.(注:此句采用反语。反语的特点是故意将话反说,具有讽刺意味)
7)如要表达“我太渴望成功了。听到成功的消息我欣喜若狂”,英文可为:
I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.(注:此句采用夸张。夸张的特点是为表现事物的特征故意夸大其词)
怎样才能写出英语好句子_900字
在写作中,往往听到一些关于句子好或坏的评论,那么好句子到底有什么标准呢?下面就把一个好句子的几个基本原则介绍一下,希望能够帮你在写作中写出优美的句子来。
1.完整
完整是好句子的第一要点。一个完整的句子表达单一的完整的意思。它不包含并不紧密相关的意思,也不表达本身不完整的意思。
2.连贯
连贯是指句子各部分之间清楚而合理的联系。句子中的词语和部分应恰当地衔接,它们之间的关系应十分清楚。不连贯的句子通常有以下几种毛病:平行结构有缺点,代词指代不清楚,修饰语和被修饰语的关系不明确,在人称、数、语态、时态或语气上有混乱之处。
3.简洁
句中不应有任何不必要的词。只要意思充分 地表达了,用词越少越好。用词过多只会使意思模糊不清,而不是更加明晰。人们常常用不必要的词,所以最好在写完一篇文章之后,仔细检查一两遍,看看有没有一些词可以删去而又不影响意思的表达。
4.强调
凡是重要的意思都应在表达时予以强调。为此说话时人们可用各种方法,如提高声音、放慢语速、使用短句或加上手势。写文章时,也可以使用倒装、感叹、重复、反问等方法对应该强调的词语和句子加重语气。
5.多样
句型的多样化,对好的文章来说是必不可少的。好几句长短相同、结构相似的句子连在一起,如又用同一个名词或代词作主语,必然会显得很单调。为多样化起见,短句和长句,简单句、并列句和复合句,圆周句和松
散句都应错杂使用。也可偶尔用一个问句、祈使句或感叹句。但是不要只是为了多样化而频频变换句型。句子的结构和长度首先要由所要表达的思想来决定。只有恰当地表达思想时多样化才可取。
美丽人生_3000字
Beauty
There were a sensitivity and a beauty to her that have nothing to do with looks. She was one to be listened to, whose words were so easy to take to heart.
It is said that the true nature of being is veiled. The labor of words, the expression of art, the seemingly ceaseless buzz that is human thought all have in common the need to get at what really is so. The hope to draw close to and possess the truth of being can be a feverish one. In some cases it can even be fatal, if pleasure is one's truth and its attainment more important than life itself. In other lives, though, the search for what is truthful gives life.
I used to find notes left in the collection basket, beautiful notes about my homilies and about the writer's thoughts on the daily scriptural readings. The person who penned the notes would add reflections to my thoughts and would always include some quotes from poets and mystics he or she had read and remembered and loved. The notes fascinated me. Here was someone immersed in a search for truth and beauty. Words had been treasured, words that were beautiful. And I felt as if the words somehow delighted in being discovered, for they were obviously very generous to the as yet anonymous writer of the notes. And now this person was in turn learning the secret of sharing them. Beauty so shines when given away. The only truth that exists is, in that sense, free.
It was a long time before I met the author of the notes.
One Sunday morning, I was told that someone was waiting for me in the office. The young person who answered the rectory door said that it was "the woman who said she left all the notes." When I saw her I was shocked, since I immediately recognized her from church but had no idea that it was she who wrote the notes. She was sitting in a chair in the office with her hands folded in her lap. Her head was bowed and when she raised it to look at me, she could barely smile without pain. Her face was disfigured, and the skin so tight from surgical procedures that smiling or laughing was very difficult for her. She had suffered terribly from treatment to remove the growths that had so marred her face.
We chatted for a while that Sunday morning and agreed to meet for lunch later that week.
As it turned out we went to lunch several times, and she always wore a hat during the meal. I think that treatments of some sort had caused a lot of her hair to fall out. We shared things about our lives. I told her about my schooling and growing up. She told me that she had worked for years for an insurance company. She never mentioned family, and I did not ask.
We spoke of authors we both had read, and it was easy to tell that books are a great love of hers.
I have thought about her often over the years and how she struggled in a society that places an incredible premium on looks, class, wealth and all the other fineries of life. She suffered from a disfigurement that cannot be made to look attractive. I know that her condition hurt her deeply.
Would her life have been different had she been prettyChances are it would have. And yet there were a sensitivity and a beauty to her that had nothing to do with looks. She was one to be listened to, whose words were so easy to take to heart. Her words came from a wounded but loving heart, very much like all hearts, but she had more of a need to be aware of it, to live with it and learn from it. She possessed a fine-tuned sense of beauty. Her only fear in life was the loss of a friend.
How long does it take most of us to reach that level of human growth, if we ever get thereWe get so consumed and diminished, worrying about all the things that need improving, we can easily forget to cherish those things that last. Friendship, so rare and so good, just needs our care--maybe even the simple gesture of writing a little note now and then, or the dropping of some beautiful words in a basket, in the hope that such beauty will be shared and taken to heart.
The truth of her life was a desire to see beyond the surface for a glimpse of what it is that matters. She found beauty and grace and they befriended her, and showed her what is real.
美丽人生
她有着一种与外表无关的灵气和美丽。她的话语轻而易举地征服了人心,她正是我们要聆听的声音。
很多人都说人生的真谛是个未知的概念。言词的费力诠释、艺术的着力表现还有人类那似乎永无休止的纷繁思考,三者都苦苦追寻人生的真谛。希望走近以至完全把握存在的真意可以令人十分狂热。有时候,有些人以自己笃信的真理为志趣,追寻真理甚于保全生命,于是就有舍生取义之举。然而,也有另外的一种人生,他们在寻求真谛的过程中灌溉生命。
过了很久我才见到这些短文的作者。
一个星期天早上,我被告知有人正在办公室等我。帮我应门的年轻人说“是个女人,说留言是她放的。”看见她的时候我大吃一惊,因为我马上就认出她是我的教区信徒,只是我一直不知道那些短文是她写的。她坐在办公室的一张椅子上,两手相扣搁在大腿上,低垂着头。在抬头看我的时候,她微笑起来却十分费劲。那是一张破了相的脸,外科手术使她的脸皮绷得紧紧的,笑对她来说也是很困难的。为了去除脸上碍眼的肉瘤她接受了手术治疗,这令她吃尽苦头。
那个星期天早上我们聊了一会儿,并决定那个星期再找个时间一起吃顿午饭。
我们还谈到大家都读过的作家作品,不难发现她非常喜欢看书。
这些年我经常想起她,在这个以外表、地位和财富等虚名浮利挂帅的社会中她是怎样一路挺过来的呢?毁掉的容颜使她怎么也无法变得耀眼迷人。我知道这深深地刺痛着她。
如果她长得漂亮,她的生命轨迹会不会有所不同呢?有可能。不过她有种独特的灵气和美,与外表完全无关。她的话轻而易举地征服了人心,她正是我们要聆听的声音。她的隽语出于一颗受过伤却充满爱的心,就像所有人的心一样,只不过她比别人更注重对自己心灵的关注、用心去体会生活并从中学习。她拥有一种细腻的美感。她生命里唯一的恐惧就是失去朋友。
她生命的真谛就是要透过事物的表面一睹其真正的本质。她发现了美和上帝的慈爱,而美和慈爱也待她如友,把生命的真谛呈现给她。
英文写作时选词注意事项_3000字
1.词语选择的重要性
在The Right Word at the Right Time的“序言”中,编者对词语选用的重要性作了一个很好的比喻:“Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion:it is a courtesy to others,and a favor to yourself-a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world."
显然,说话或写文章时用词适当比穿着适当难度大得多,因而也具有更大的重要性。在我国,古人写文章时常为一个词语的选用冥思苦想,因而有“语不惊人死不休”的说法。
成语“一字值千金”也说明了选择词语的极端重要性。有时“一字之差”造成令人遗憾的败笔,或招致成千上万的经济损失。这些反面的教训也告诉我们必须重视词语选用的问题。
2.词语选择的可能性
实际上,我们每个人的脑子里都有了一个或大或小的词库,只要我们肯去发掘,往往可以得到更好的表达方式。这是我们做好词语选用的主观条件。
从客观条件广看,我们有各种类型的词典和参考书,只要我们平时多翻译、多阅读,写作时勤查考,就会在词语选用上不断进步。当然,一部好词典也不会毫无缺点,更难以面面俱到,因此在这里我们应牢牢记住著名英国作家、评论家和辞书编纂家Johson的话:
Dictionaries are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.
3.词语选择的三项标准
关于择语标准,人们说法不一,但准确、鲜明、生动三项原则是公认的。当然,某词语用得是否符合要求,不可孤立地从词语本身的含义上着眼,还要看其具体使用场合,包括同其他词语搭配等。
1)择语的准确性
准确性,就是要根据使用场合选用确切的语言形式,正如有句英语俗语所言:
Do not write so that your words may be undetstood, but write so that your words must be understood.
著名美国作家马克?吐温说:“用词准确与用词几乎准确,这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。”(The difference between the right word and the almost-right word is as great as that between lighting and the lighting bug.)
为了择语准确,必须熟悉词语的多义性。例如depression对心理学家、经济学家或地质学家来说,含义各不相同:
He is in a state of deep depression as a result of his setback latest experiment.
The depression first hit almost all the small and medium-sized enterprises.
Transportation was at a standstill caused by the depressions in the highways after the earthquake in that area.
反之,也常常有几个词语可以表示类似的含义,如心理学上的“depression”也能用melancholia,the blues,the dismal in the dumps,low等词语表示。
要做到准确选择,有必要注意词语的两种意义:“基本意义”(denotation)和"引申意义"(connotation)。前者指该词语的本身,或客观的固有含义,后者指该词语在一定搭配或上下句中出现的其他意义,往往比较含蓄,带有词语使用者的主观态度或感情色彩。如inexpensive和cheap都表示便宜的基本意思,如顾客问营业员:“May I have some thing cheaper?”意思是希望要价钱便宜一点的,当然并不是说质量可以不好,但cheap在其他句式或使用场合可引出“低劣”、“平庸”、“吝啬”、“卑鄙”等多种意思,这类意思正是修辞上的“敏感地带”。
选用词语的准确性还表现在区分表示大体/抽象含义的词语和表示具体/特定含义的词语上,需要根据不同的使用场合做出正确的选择。抽象含义词语和具体含义词语不是两个对立的家族,在一定的条件下可以转化,如
labor一词通常带抽象含义,但并非一成不变。试比较:
A)Honest labor creates wealth for the society.
B)In the GM contract dispute, labor seeks a five-cent per hour wage increase.
上述A句中labor一词为抽象含义,泛指各种社会劳动,B句中labor为具体含义,特指WAW,即美国汽车、飞机、农业机械工人联合会。
2)择语的鲜明度
准确性是鲜明度的前提,也是提高鲜明度的基础。然而,鲜明与简练相关。英国文豪莎士比亚的名言“Brevity is the soul of wit”相当于汉语的“言贵简洁”。我们说话、写文章都要以“言简意赅”四字为目标,为此,应从两个方面加以注意:
A.在可以运用较简短的常见词语表达意思时不要用复杂而少的词语,如:do something for(不用perform,accomplish),用end/finish a letter (不用terminate,conclude)。
B.多余的或转弯抹角的词语都不利于明白地表达思想,因而下列短语中加括号的部分都应省去:
mutual aid(to each other)(mutual)aid to each other,(an entirely)complete confidence,repeat the question(again),return(back) from abroad,etc.
3)择语的生动感
生动感也可以叫做优美感(gracefulness),它是建筑在准确性和鲜明度的基础上的,否则,单纯追求生动或优雅,就会出现辞藻华丽(flowery)而内容空洞的文风,这是应当避免的。
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