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1. 从心理学的角度来分析，心智成长可以分为三个阶段。
2. 在这不同阶段当中，一个人的生活重心以及他与周围人的关系，表现出很大的差异。一个人的心智成熟与否，就看他的行为、心理与其年龄是否相符。可以认为，一个人的心智发展一般要经过：依赖阶段、独立阶段、互赖阶段。
3. （1）依赖阶段
每一个孩子都是在父母的呵护下成长起来的，对父母的依赖是与生俱来的，老师们首先要做到的就是包容和理解。然后分析各中原因，根据不同孩子的性格来指导他们，离开父母的怀抱后，要融入更多人当中来。
4. （2）独立阶段
失去了对父母的依赖后，孩子会处于一种相对独立的状态当中，比如会有些孤僻，或者是不愿意与他人交流等。这是，老师的作用就更为明显，需要及时的像孩子们表现出家人般的温暖，让孩子们自己慢慢认识到，这个世界上不只有自己的父母才可以呵护你。
5. （3）互赖阶段
当一个孩子心智成熟之后，老师们也会发现一些惊喜的事情。有些孩子会像小大人一样，会在某一时刻安抚他人或者保护他人。这就是处于了一种互赖阶段。也是较为成熟的阶段了。
2岁半，如果你只是要孩子“听话”，那不是教育。幼儿阶段的教育是协助孩子心智成长，任何活动、游戏，都必须是成长教育的一部分，但成长教育绝对不是你教他学，而是多方面的体验中逐渐增长能力，最终是有独立思考能力、有是非观念，有自主学习习惯和动手能力。
鼓励孩子，关心孩子，一般不要恨训，狠骂？欧洲教育的理念的根本，所以欧洲的孩子没那么叛逆，还有推荐经常跟孩子讲一些这里故事，推荐“360个人图书馆”网站，里面有很多方面，可以选择哲理小故事经常教育孩子
哲理故事三千篇app
狗和影子(The Dog and the Shadow)It happened that a Dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying it home in his mouth to eat it in peace. Now, on his way home he had to cross a plank lying across a running brook. As he crossed, he looked down and saw his own shadow reflected in the water beneath. Thinking it was another dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also. So he made a snap at the shadow in the water, but as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, dropped into the water and was never seen more.
一只狗嘴里衔着一块肉，走过一条河上面的桥，看见他自己在水里的影子，以为是另一只狗，那时狗衔着的肉，比他自己的还要大一倍。因此他仍掉自己的那一块，狠狠地扑向那只狗，想夺到那一块较大的肉。结果两头都落了空，因为他想要抓取在水中的那一块，只不过是一个影子，而原来的那一块，也被水冲走了。
Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow.
谨记，切莫因追逐幻影而丢失已有的东西。
The Thirsty Pigeon口渴的鸽子
A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water
painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture,
she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed
against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken
her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by
one of the bystanders.
Zeal should not outrun discretion.
有只鸽子口渴得很难受，看见画板上画着一个水瓶，以为是真的。他立刻呼呼地猛飞过 去，不料一头碰撞在画板上，折断了翅膀，摔在地上，被人轻易地捉住了。
这是说，有些人想急于得到所需的东西，一时冲动，草率从事，就会身遭不幸。
(The Dog and the Shadow)It happened that a Dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying it home in his mouth to eat it in peace. Now, on his way home he had to cross a plank lying across a running brook. As he crossed, he looked down and saw his own shadow reflected in the water beneath. Thinking it was another dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also. So he made a snap at the shadow in the water, but as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, dropped into the water and was never seen more.
狗和影子：一只狗嘴里衔着一块肉，走过一条河上面的桥，看见他自己在水里的影子，以为是另一只狗，那时狗衔着的肉，比他自己的还要大一倍。因此他仍掉自己的那一块，狠狠地扑向那只狗，想夺到那一块较大的肉。结果两头都落了空，因为他想要抓取在水中的那一块，只不过是一个影子，而原来的那一块，也被水冲走了。
参考资料
爱童书：http://www.aitongshu.com/tale/10010/
an old woman had a cat. the cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. one day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. but she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it.
then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. she began to hit the cat. the cat said, "do not hit your old servant. i have worked for you for many years, and i would work for you still, but i am too old. do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young."
【译文】
老猫
一位老妇有只猫，这只猫很老，它跑不快了，也咬不了东西，因为它年纪太大了。一天，老猫发现一只老鼠，它跳过去抓这只老鼠，然而，它咬不住这只老鼠。因此，老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了，因为老猫咬不了它。
于是，老妇很生气，因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。她开始打这只猫，猫说：“不要打你的老仆人，我已经为你服务了很多年，而且还愿意为你效劳，但是，我实在太老了，对年纪大的不要这么无情，要记住老年人在年青时所做过的有益的事情。”
The Fox and the Cat 狐狸和猫
It happened that the cat met Mr. Fox in the woods. She thought, "He is intelligent and well experienced, and is highly regarded in the world," so she spoke to him in a friendly manner, "Good-day, my dear Mr. Fox. How is it going How are you How are you getting by in these hard times"
The fox, filled with arrogance, examined the cat from head to feet, and for a long time did not know whether he should give an answer. At last he said, "Oh, you poor beard-licker, you speckled fool, you hungry mouse hunter, what are you thinking Have you the nerve to ask how I am doing What do you know How many tricks do you understand"
"I understand but one," answered the cat, modestly.
"What kind of a trick is it" asked the fox.
"When the dogs are chasing me, I can jump into a tree and save myself."
"Is that all" said the fox. "I am master of a hundred tricks, and in addition to that I have a sackful of cunning. I feel sorry for you. Come with me, and I will teach you how one escapes from the dogs."
Just then a hunter came by with four dogs. The cat jumped nimbly up a tree, and sat down at its top, where the branches and foliage completely hid her.
"Untie your sack, Mr. Fox, untie your sack," the cat shouted to him, but the dogs had already seized him, and were holding him fast.
"Oh, Mr. Fox," shouted the cat. "You and your hundred tricks are left in the lurch. If you been able to climb like I can, you would not have lost your life."
哲理故事网
1.孙叔敖任楚国宰相时，全国官吏和人民都来道贺。但是，有一位老人却穿粗麻衣，戴白帽子以丧服吊唁他。众人都觉得老人真是触霉头，孙叔敖却赶紧整冠肃衣迎接老人，虔敬地请教他：“楚王不知道我能力不好，委我相位，众人都来向我道贺，但我恐怕以后要承受百姓的责怪。您说来吊丧，一定有高见要指教吧？”
老人说：“的确有些话想提醒你：身份高贵但对人骄傲，必会被人民抛弃；地位高而擅权，必遭君王讨厌；俸禄多而不知足，必招灾祸。”孙叔敖恭敬的道谢：“谨遵教诲，您还可以再教我一些吗？”
老人说：“地位越高，态度要更谦卑；官位越大，要更加细心；俸禄越多，取舍更要谨慎。能谨守这三点，就足以治好楚国了。”果真，孙叔敖成为廉洁的名相，上任三个月，楚国大治。
2.有人问哲学家说：“从地到天究竟有多高？”哲学家道：“二尺高。”“为什么这么低呢？我们人不都长得至少有四、五、六尺高吗？”哲学家答：“所以，凡是超过三尺高的人身，要立足于天地间就要懂得低头。”所谓“低头是稻穗，昂首系莠稗”，越成熟的稻穗，垂得越低，只有坏稗麦头才抬得高高的。 汉代名将韩信，未成名前，有次走在淮阴的路上，有个不良少年看他不顺眼说：“你看起来挺神气，不过，只是中看不中用。有气魄的话，你就来杀我；不敢，就从我胯下爬过去。”韩信忍一时之气，从不良少年胯下爬过，最后功成名就。
修身养性，修身：使身体健康；养性：使心智本性不受损害。通过自我反省体察，使身心达到完美的境界。出处 元·无名氏《博望烧屯》第一折：“贫道本是南阳一耕夫，岂管尘世之事 只可修身养性，贫道去不的也。”生活，不要老是惦念明天的事，也不要总是懊恼昨天发生的事，把你的精神集中在今天要干什么上。
1.孙叔敖任楚国宰相时，全国官吏和人民都来道贺。但是，有一位老人却穿粗麻衣，戴白帽子以丧服吊唁他。众人都觉得老人真是触霉头，孙叔敖却赶紧整冠肃衣迎接老人，虔敬地请教他：“楚王不知道我能力不好，委我相位，众人都来向我道贺，但我恐怕以后要承受百姓的责怪。您说来吊丧，一定有高见要指教吧？”
老人说：“的确有些话想提醒你：身份高贵但对人骄傲，必会被人民抛弃；地位高而擅权，必遭君王讨厌；俸禄多而不知足，必招灾祸。”孙叔敖恭敬的道谢：“谨遵教诲，您还可以再教我一些吗？”
老人说：“地位越高，态度要更谦卑；官位越大，要更加细心；俸禄越多，取舍更要谨慎。能谨守这三点，就足以治好楚国了。”果真，孙叔敖成为廉洁的名相，上任三个月，楚国大治。
2.有人问哲学家说：“从地到天究竟有多高？”哲学家道：“二尺高。
知名的美国政治家富兰克林，有一次去拜访长者，到长者住所时，因为房门太 小了，头不小心撞在门框上，富兰克林痛得掉下眼泪，长者在一旁笑说：“是不是很痛？此行你最大的收获应该就是这个吧。一个人想立足于世间，要过得平安顺利，就得要常常低头，放下身段，千万要记取这个痛的教训，将带给你不少的利益。”富兰克林牢牢记住长者的教训，从此把“低头、谦逊”列入生活准则。20岁时，就创立了沉默、规律、节约、勤勉、诚实、正义、中庸、清洁、养生、平静、纯洁、决断、谦虚等著名的13训。学会低头，对他成为一代伟人不无帮助。
有人问哲学家说：“从地到天究竟有多高？”哲学家道：“二尺高。”“为什么这么低呢？我们人不都长得至少有四、五、六尺高吗？”哲学家答：“所以，凡是超过三尺高的人身，要立足于天地间就要懂得低头。”所谓“低头是稻穗，昂首系莠稗”，越成熟的稻穗，垂得越低，只有坏稗麦头才抬得高高的。 汉代名将韩信，未成名前，有次走在淮阴的路上，有个不良少年看他不顺眼说：“你看起来挺神气，不过，只是中看不中用。有气魄的话，你就来杀我；不敢，就从我胯下爬过去。”韩信忍一时之气，从不良少年胯下爬过。他的低姿态，后来为他立了不少战功。
古有明训“伸手不打笑脸人”，真正的强不是用强，而是用柔。要想进入一扇门，就须低头比门框矮；要想登上成功的顶峰，就得弯腰做好攀登的准备。行事能低头，事情会更顺畅；低姿态可避免嫉妒障碍。放下身段才能与人和平相处。学会低头，受用不尽。
谦
孙叔敖任楚国宰相时，全国官吏和人民都来道贺。但是，有一位老人却穿粗麻衣，戴白帽子以丧服吊唁他。众人都觉得老人真是触霉头，孙叔敖却赶紧整冠肃衣迎接老人，虔敬地请教他：“楚王不知道我能力不好，委我相位，众人都来向我道贺，但我恐怕以后要承受百姓的责怪。您说来吊丧，一定有高见要指教吧？”
老人说：“的确有些话想提醒你：身份高贵但对人骄傲，必会被人民抛弃；地位高而擅权，必遭君王讨厌；俸禄多而不知足，必招灾祸。”孙叔敖恭敬的道谢：“谨遵教诲，您还可以再教我一些吗？”
老人说：“地位越高，态度要更谦卑；官位越大，要更加细心；俸禄越多，取舍更要谨慎。能谨守这三点，就足以治好楚国了。”果真，孙叔敖成为廉洁的名相，上任三个月，楚国大治。
财富、名位、拥戴是很难拒绝的诱惑，高官厚爵与升斗小民人性相同，同样的弱点。只是，身份尊贵的人较有机会培养骄矜之气；位高权重，容易尝到揽权的滋味；拥有丰厚的物质，较易挥霍，老人教诫虽指向位高权重的人，其实是对每个人的，足以当成吾人立身处世的座右铭。
有智慧的人，能从浅显的事例中看见深奥的道理；从举止动念中预见一生福祸之所倚。谨言慎行、礼让谦下，还真是处世的不二法门。
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