自知之明的哲理故事 自知之明故事
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《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》这是一篇有自知之明的小故事，原来是一篇文言文，下面是翻译的现代文。
齐威王的相国邹忌长得相貌堂堂,身高8尺,体格魁梧,十分漂亮。与邹忌同住一城的徐公也长得一表人才,是齐国有名的美男子。
一天早晨,邹忌起床后,穿好衣服、戴好帽子,信步走到镜子面前仔细端详全身的装束和自己的模样。他觉得自己长得的确与众不同、高人一等,于是随口问妻子说:“你看,我跟城北的徐公比起来,谁更漂亮?”
他的妻子走上前去,一边帮他整理衣襟,一边回答说:“您长得多漂亮啊,那徐先生怎么能跟您比呢?”
邹忌心里不大相信,因为住在城北的徐公是大家公认的美男子,自己恐怕还比不上他,所以他又问他的妾,说:“我和城北徐公相比,谁漂亮些呢?”
他的妾连忙说:“大人您比徐先生漂亮多了,他哪能和大人相比呢?”
第二天,有位客人来访,邹忌陪他坐着聊天,想起昨天的事,就顺便又问客人说:“您看我和城北徐公相比,谁漂亮?”客人毫不犹豫地说:“徐先生比不上您,您比他漂亮多了。”
邹忌如此作了三次调查,大家一致都认为他比徐公漂亮。可是邹忌是个有头脑的人,并没有就此沾沾自喜,认为自己真的比徐公漂亮。
恰巧过了一天,城北徐公到邹忌家登门拜访。邹忌第一眼就被徐公那气宇轩昂、光彩照人的形象怔住了。两人交谈的时候,邹忌不住地打量着徐公。他自觉自己长得不如徐公。为了证实这一结论,他偷偷从镜子里面看看自己,再调过头来瞧瞧徐公,结果更觉得自己长得比徐公差。
晚上,邹忌躺在床上,反复地思考着这件事。既然自己长得不如徐公,为什么妻、妾和那个客人却都说自己比徐公漂亮呢?想到最后,他总算找到了问题的结论。邹忌自言自语地说:“原来这些人都是在恭维我啊!妻子说我美,是因为偏爱我;妾说我美,是因为害怕我;客人说我美,是因为有求于我。看起来,我是受了身边人的恭维赞扬而认不清真正的自我了。”
自知之明很重要，在古代可以保官，保全家,人在一片赞扬声里一定要保持清醒的头脑,特别是居于领导地位的人,更要有自知之明,才能不至于迷失方向。
出自老子《道德经》：知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。知足者富。强行者有志。不失其所者久。死而不亡者寿。意思是：能够了解、认识别人的算作是明智，能够了解、认识自己的才算是真正的高明。
自知之明的哲理故事
狗和影子(The Dog and the Shadow)It happened that a Dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying it home in his mouth to eat it in peace. Now, on his way home he had to cross a plank lying across a running brook. As he crossed, he looked down and saw his own shadow reflected in the water beneath. Thinking it was another dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also. So he made a snap at the shadow in the water, but as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, dropped into the water and was never seen more.
一只狗嘴里衔着一块肉，走过一条河上面的桥，看见他自己在水里的影子，以为是另一只狗，那时狗衔着的肉，比他自己的还要大一倍。因此他仍掉自己的那一块，狠狠地扑向那只狗，想夺到那一块较大的肉。结果两头都落了空，因为他想要抓取在水中的那一块，只不过是一个影子，而原来的那一块，也被水冲走了。
Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow.
谨记，切莫因追逐幻影而丢失已有的东西。
The Thirsty Pigeon口渴的鸽子
A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water
painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture,
she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed
against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken
her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by
one of the bystanders.
Zeal should not outrun discretion.
有只鸽子口渴得很难受，看见画板上画着一个水瓶，以为是真的。他立刻呼呼地猛飞过 去，不料一头碰撞在画板上，折断了翅膀，摔在地上，被人轻易地捉住了。
这是说，有些人想急于得到所需的东西，一时冲动，草率从事，就会身遭不幸。
(The Dog and the Shadow)It happened that a Dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying it home in his mouth to eat it in peace. Now, on his way home he had to cross a plank lying across a running brook. As he crossed, he looked down and saw his own shadow reflected in the water beneath. Thinking it was another dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also. So he made a snap at the shadow in the water, but as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, dropped into the water and was never seen more.
狗和影子：一只狗嘴里衔着一块肉，走过一条河上面的桥，看见他自己在水里的影子，以为是另一只狗，那时狗衔着的肉，比他自己的还要大一倍。因此他仍掉自己的那一块，狠狠地扑向那只狗，想夺到那一块较大的肉。结果两头都落了空，因为他想要抓取在水中的那一块，只不过是一个影子，而原来的那一块，也被水冲走了。
参考资料
爱童书：http://www.aitongshu.com/tale/10010/
an old woman had a cat. the cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. one day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. but she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it.
then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. she began to hit the cat. the cat said, "do not hit your old servant. i have worked for you for many years, and i would work for you still, but i am too old. do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young."
【译文】
老猫
一位老妇有只猫，这只猫很老，它跑不快了，也咬不了东西，因为它年纪太大了。一天，老猫发现一只老鼠，它跳过去抓这只老鼠，然而，它咬不住这只老鼠。因此，老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了，因为老猫咬不了它。
于是，老妇很生气，因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。她开始打这只猫，猫说：“不要打你的老仆人，我已经为你服务了很多年，而且还愿意为你效劳，但是，我实在太老了，对年纪大的不要这么无情，要记住老年人在年青时所做过的有益的事情。”
The Fox and the Cat 狐狸和猫
It happened that the cat met Mr. Fox in the woods. She thought, "He is intelligent and well experienced, and is highly regarded in the world," so she spoke to him in a friendly manner, "Good-day, my dear Mr. Fox. How is it going How are you How are you getting by in these hard times"
The fox, filled with arrogance, examined the cat from head to feet, and for a long time did not know whether he should give an answer. At last he said, "Oh, you poor beard-licker, you speckled fool, you hungry mouse hunter, what are you thinking Have you the nerve to ask how I am doing What do you know How many tricks do you understand"
"I understand but one," answered the cat, modestly.
"What kind of a trick is it" asked the fox.
"When the dogs are chasing me, I can jump into a tree and save myself."
"Is that all" said the fox. "I am master of a hundred tricks, and in addition to that I have a sackful of cunning. I feel sorry for you. Come with me, and I will teach you how one escapes from the dogs."
Just then a hunter came by with four dogs. The cat jumped nimbly up a tree, and sat down at its top, where the branches and foliage completely hid her.
"Untie your sack, Mr. Fox, untie your sack," the cat shouted to him, but the dogs had already seized him, and were holding him fast.
"Oh, Mr. Fox," shouted the cat. "You and your hundred tricks are left in the lurch. If you been able to climb like I can, you would not have lost your life."
自知之明故事
一、让失去变得可爱
一个老人在高速行驶的火车上，不小心把刚买的新鞋从窗口掉了一只，周围的人倍感惋惜，不料老人立即把第二只鞋也从窗口扔了下去。这举动更让人大吃一惊。老人解释说：“这一只鞋无论多么昂贵，对我而言已经没有用了，如果有谁能捡到一双鞋子，说不定他还能穿呢！”
秘诀：成功者善于放弃，善于从损失中看到价值。
二、请不要开错窗
一个小女孩趴在窗台上，看窗外的人正埋葬她心爱的小狗，不禁泪流满面，悲恸不已。她的外祖父见状，连忙引她到另一个窗口，让她欣赏他的玫瑰花园。果然小女孩的心情顿时明朗。老人托起外孙女的下巴说：“孩子，你开错了窗户。”
秘诀：打开失败旁边的窗户，也许你就看到了希望。
三、人生的秘诀
30年前，一个年轻人离开故乡，开始创造自己的前途。他动身的第一站，是去拜访本族的族长，请求指点。老族长正在练字，他听说本族有位后辈开始踏上人生的旅途，就写了3个字：不要怕。然后抬起头来，望着年轻人说：“孩子，人生的秘诀只有6个字，今天先告诉你3个，供你半生受用。”
30年后，这个从前的年轻人已是人到中年，有了一些成就，也添了很多伤心事。归程漫漫，到了家乡，他又去拜访那位族长。他到了族长家里，才知道老人家几年前已经去世，家人取出一个密封的信封对他说：“这是族长生前留给你的，他说有一天你会再来。”还乡的游子这才想起来，30年前他在这里听到人生的一半秘诀，拆开信封，里面赫然又是3个大字：不要悔。
秘诀：中年以前不要怕，中年以后不要悔。
四、司机考试
某大公司准备以高薪雇用一名小车司机，经过层层筛选和考试之后，只剩下三名技术最优良的竞争者。主考者问他们：“悬崖边有块金子，你们开着车去拿，觉得能距离悬崖多近而又不至于掉落呢？”
“二公尺。”第一位说。半公尺。“第二位很有把握地说。
”我会尽量远离悬崖，愈远愈好。“第三位说。
结果这家公司录取了第三位。
秘诀：不要和诱惑较劲，而应离得越远越好。
五、狮子和羚羊的家教
每天，当太阳升起来的时候，非洲大草原上的动物们就开始奔跑了。
狮子妈妈在教育自己的孩子：”孩子，你必须跑得再快一点，再快一点，你要是跑不过最慢的羚羊，你就会活活地饿死。“
在另外一个场地上，羚羊妈妈也在教育自己的孩子：”孩子，你必须跑得再快一点，再快一点，如果你不能比跑得最快的狮子还要快，那你就肯定会被他们吃掉。“
秘诀：记住你跑得快，别人跑得更快。
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